overview
A Queue Data Structure is a fundamental concept in computer science used for storing and managing data in a specific order. It follows the principle of 'First In, First Out' (FIFO), where the first element added to the queue is the first one to be removed. Queues are commonly used in various algorithms and applications for their simplicity and efficiency in managing data flow.

What is Queue in Data Structures?
A queue is a linear data structure that follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle. It operates like a line where elements are added at one end (rear) and removed from the other end (front). The first element added to the queue is the first one to be removed.

Basic Operations of Queue Data Structure?
Enqueue (Insert): Adds an element to the rear of the queue.
Dequeue (Delete): Removes and returns the element from the front of the queue.
Peek (Front): Returns the element at the front of the queue without removing it.
isEmpty: Checks if the queue is empty.
Size: Checks the number of elements in the queue.

Properties of Queue
Order: Queues maintain the order of elements based on the FIFO principle.
Dynamic Size: The size of the queue can change dynamically as elements are added or removed.
Access: Elements can be added at the rear and removed from the front of the queue.

Applications of Queue
Task Scheduling: Used in operating systems for managing tasks and processes.
Data Transfer: Utilized in network communication protocols to manage data packets.
Simulation: Simulates real-world systems like waiting lines and customer service.
Breadth-First Search (BFS): Implements BFS algorithm for graph traversal.
Print Spooling: Manages print jobs in a printer queue.

Advantages of Using Queue
Order Preservation: Maintains the order of elements, ensuring first-come, first-served processing.
Efficiency: Provides efficient handling of data in real-time systems and applications.
Simplicity: Simple to implement and use for managing data with FIFO order.

Disadvantages of Using Queue
Limited Access: Can only access the front and rear elements, making random access difficult.
Fixed Size (in some implementations): Static queues have a fixed size, which can be limiting if not managed properly.

Queue Variations
Double-Ended Queue (Deque): Allows insertion and deletion from both ends.
Circular Queue: A queue implementation where the last position is connected back to the first position, forming a circle.
Priority Queue: Elements are dequeued based on priority rather than the order of insertion.

Real-World Examples of Queues
Customer Service: Managing customers in a service line or call center.
Printer Queue: Handling multiple print jobs sent to a printer.
CPU Scheduling: Managing processes in an operating system.
Network Buffers: Storing data packets in routers and switches.
Message Queuing: Managing messages between distributed systems and applications.